漫談產後掉髮

產後掉髮是很多產婦經常困擾的問題之一，產後掉髮持續時間不會超過六個月，不過有時候會延長到一年左右，病人常抱怨每天大量脫髮，擔心頭髮會全部掉光，事實上，產後掉髮是屬於典型的休止期禿髮，頭髮會一下子掉很多，但不會全部掉光。

毛囊的生長週期
每一根頭髮是由毛囊最深層的毛囊基質製造，正在製造頭髮的毛囊稱為生長期毛囊，約三年後會進入休止期，約三個月後會重新進入生長期，開始製造頭髮。由生長期進入休止期中間有一段過渡時間，約三個禮拜稱為退化期。生長期→退化期→休止期→生長期……如此週而復始，直到此毛囊的生命結束，例如老化、遺傳、外傷等因素。

休止期禿髮不必擔心
在正常情況下，整個頭皮約有六分之一到十分之一的毛囊是處於休止期，所以，一天掉個一百到一百五十根頭髮算是正常的。如果突然間有大量毛囊進入休息狀態，臨床上便會發現大量毛髮脫落，此種現象稱為休止期禿髮。

產後禿髮是屬於休止期禿髮，因此一般來說不會太嚴重，只是休止期毛囊增加，因此生長的頭髮較少，不需任何的治療，只要時間一到，頭髮自然會長出來。不過很多人還是不相信醫師的話，輕信一些誇張不實的生髮廣告，白白浪費一些冤枉錢來治療這種原本就會好的症狀。

產後禿髮的原因 ---

大部分學者認為產婦在懷孕時期，血液中高濃度的動情激素，會延長生長期毛囊的壽命，因此當生產後循環中動情激素驟減下，大量的生長期毛囊會進入休止期而造成大量掉髮，根據報告，此種休止期毛囊可高達65％，亦即嚴重時可以掉到2/3左右。

另一種解釋為產婦在懷孕早期，由於壓力會有一波休止期掉髮，之後在懷孕中後期出現較多的生長期毛囊，生產後有較高比例的毛囊進入休止期，產生掉髮現象。此外，生產所造成的壓力、出血及內分泌的變化等因素，皆可能使較多的生長期毛囊進入休息狀態，而產生休止期禿髮。

如果在懷孕過程有蛋白質缺乏，必須脂肪的缺乏或缺鐵性貧血皆會造成掉髮現象。另外，未懷孕婦女在服用避孕藥期間，停止使用後亦有可能產生掉髮情形。

總之，產婦掉髮無論是懷孕早期或生產後，皆屬於暫時性的休止期禿髮，只要經過醫師確認不需任何治療便可痊癒，就不要擔心頭髮或掉光，否則自己給自己壓力，只會加重掉髮的程度。

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